Secondary Sources

"Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus), also called duck hawk, the most widely distributed species of birds of prey, with breeding populations on every continent and many oceanic islands.  Sixteen subspecies are recognized." (Encyclopedia Britannica 2011)

"n. A large, tawny gray wolf (Canis lupus) that formerly occupied diverse habitats throughout northern North America and Eurasia but now lives in fewer, more limited areas because of human encroachment. Also called timber wolf." (American Heritage Dictionary 2004)

"A crucial aspect of the reintroduction program is dealing with the public and gaining the acceptance and cooperation of landowners and other interested parties. The progress being made in this recovery effort is due in part to an intensive outreach campaign in Idaho to work directly with different segments of the public in addressing issues surrounding the introduction. Fears that had to be overcome have included concerns that the presence of the wolves would cause land-use restrictions, that the presence of these predators would endanger livestock, and that the wolves might even kill people (this has never been known to happen). Overall, public acceptance of the wolf reintroductions has been high: surveys found that 72% of Idahoans supported wolf recovery efforts in their state." (Beacham 2001)

"Coyotes (Canis latrans) in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) have lived in the absence of wolves (Canis lupus) for over 60 years. I examined whether wolf reintroduction in 1995 and 1996 in YNP influenced coyote vigilance and foraging ecology. From December 1997 to July 2000, my co-workers and I collected 1708 h of coyote activity budgets. Once wolves became established in the Park, they once again provided a continuous source of carrion in the Lamar Valley and we found that coyotes began feeding on carcasses throughout the year. Although we documented that wolves killed coyotes, it also became clear that surviving coyotes quickly adjusted their behaviors when wolves were present. When coyotes were near wolves or in areas of high wolf use, they fed on carcasses much more; however, they increased the amount of time spent in vigilance activities and decreased rest. There appears to be a trade-off in which wolf kills provide a quick source of food that is energetically advantageous to coyotes; however, attendant costs included increased vigilance, decreased rest, and a higher risk of being killed. Changes in the behavior of coyotes in response to the reintroduction of this large carnivore may ultimately have wide-ranging cascading effects throughout the ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]" (Switalski 2003)